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    Hemodynamic Disorder

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August 2008

Pulmonary Pathology Online

Anatomy and Histology of the Normal Lung and Airways

Examination of pulmonary and pleural biopsies

Useful chromatic and immunostains in pulmonary pathology

Percutaneous Needle and Trucut Biopsy Specimen

Bronchiolitis

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Usual Interstitial Pneumonia

Non-specific interstitial pneumonia

Desquamative interstitial pneumonia

Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP)/organizing diffuse alveolar damage DAD)

Pulmonary Thromboembolism

Pulmonary Infarction

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Pigments dervied from Hemoproteins: click here

Primary Hemochromatosis: click here

Iron: click here

Local accumulations of hemosiderin (hemosiderosis) occur regularly around areas of bruising and hemorrhage and in lungs and spleen subjected to the protracted congestion that accompanies recurrent heart failure.

In each instance the pigment is localized in cells of the reticuloendothelial cells.

In the lungs hemosiderin-laden macrophages are appropriately referred to as "heart failure cells".

The pigment imparts a deep brown colour to tissues and organs when it is present in high concentrations.

The generalized form of this condition, also referred to as secondary hemochromatosis, is most commonly encountered in patients who have received repeated blood transfusions or  more rarely after prolonged parenteral administration of iron.

It can also occur in patients with chronic ineffective erythropoiesis (such as thalassemia major), presumably from increased absorption of dietary iron across the duodenal mucosa.

Alcohol ingestion when carried to extremes can lead to hemosiderosis because of increase of iron uptake by alcohol. Wines, which are rich in iron, place the alcoholic in double jeopardy. In the south African Bantu there is an added interesting facet in that the alcoholic beverages are conventionally prepared in iron pots, which probably serve as an abundant source of additional dietary iron (estimated to be as high as 100 mg per day).

Although iron deposition in hemosiderosis is initially limited to the reticuloendothelial system, with time the parenchymal cells of  the liver, kidney, and heart are also affected and the condition becomes clinically and pathologically indistinguishable from primary hemochromatosis.

                  

 

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Cellular Injury

Autolysis

Heterolysis

Necrosis

Coagulation  necrosis

Caseous necrosis

Liquefaction necrosis

Fat necrosis

Fibrinoid  necrosis

Apoptosis

Gangrene

Pathologic Calcification

Hyaline Change

Normal Fluid Balance

Edema

Morphology of Edema

Hyperemia and Congestion

Hemostasis and Thrombosis

Embolism


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